A Debate Regarding School Boards - 818 Words

On April 26th, 2011, the Thomas Fordham Institute hosted a debate regarding school boards in the 21st century. Four panelists discussed the validity and importance of school boards. While the panelists disagreed on several points, all parties felt that school boards are still important in today’s society. Although school boards are still vital at a certain level, serious concerns were also presented during the panel discussion regarding the traditional practices of governance and localized centers of control within school boards today. Anne Bryant provides research-based studies, examples, and justification in favor of school boards. She outlined that effective school boards must have a shared vision, set tightly focused goals, utilize data, focus on policy, and focus and collaborate with all stakeholders. According to Bryant, school boards must connect to the community and the local taxpayers while boosting community engagement. While we agree that school boards must be concerned about student achievement, I appreciate that she also expressed the idea that most school boards do not believe in silver bullets and are caution in nature. I hesitate to support school boards because I feel they often tend to micromanage and feel the power to make sweeping policies even though they lack the significant scientific background of education. Her recognition that school boards often want reform, but know there are not quick fixes helped to reassure me of their intentions.Show MoreRelatedCanadian Education: Political Inf luence Behind High School Courses 1595 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The issue selected by my group revolves around the broad debate faced in Ontario high schools regarding the overall educational benefits of Academic versus Applied courses. The basis of our research will look into why applied high school courses are considered substandard in comparison to Academic courses. 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Required Health classes focusing on human sexuality are provided as mandated at Edward R. Murrow high school. Some of the topics of this course include but are not limited to the following: HIV/AIDS, practicing of safe sex, sexually transmitted diseases, description of both male and

Essay on Stress The Silent Disease - 1747 Words

â€Å"Stress is a silent disease† (Doctor Hobel). Over the years, stress has played a major rule in a large majority of people’s lives throughout the United States. When thought about, it is said to be extremely surprising as to how many people really have stress in each individual’s life. People do not consider what the reasons are for the feelings and emotions they experience. There are all different types of stress, and stress can do a lot to a person. Each person also handles stress in a different way. Some can handle more than others, because every single person’s body works in a different way. Stress has also been told to cause people to act out of character (Dr. David Posen). They often do not act the way they usually would while under†¦show more content†¦Stress is also linked low fertility in one’s reproductive organs, and can cause problems during pregnancy or one’s menstrual cycle (www.everydayhealth.com). This happens whe n one is overwhelmed with the stress he or she is going through in their lives. No one person is the same, meaning stressors as well as stress levels differ for each individual. This is why it is hard for scientists to reach the core because it is a subjective sensation related with a variety of symptoms that differ for each of us. Because of this, stress is not always a synonym for distress. Situations like a steep roller coaster ride that cause fear and anxiety for some can prove highly pleasurable for others (www.stress.org). Each person also responds to stress differently. There are numerous physical as well as emotional responses to stress. Stress can cause an ocean of different emotions that are often times unpredictable. It can have wide ranging effects on people’s emotions, mood and behavior (www.stress.org). Stress has said to have been America’s number one leading health problem. It has been shown that stress levels have escalated in children, teenagers, co llege students and the elderly for reasons that of which have lead to: increased crime, violence, and other threats to personal safety; pernicious peer pressures that lead to substance abuse and other unhealthy life style habits; social isolation and loneliness; the erosion of family and religiousShow MoreRelatedAutoimmune Deficiencies Of Autoimmune Deficiency1591 Words   |  7 PagesAutoimmune Deficiencies are very complex and misunderstood diseases in the world today. Most people are uneducated and unaware of what these diseases actually are and the trials people diagnosed with these illnesses face. Due to their lack of education there is also a lack of compassion shown; causing an awkward, silent tension between people. Lupus is a subcategory of the Autoimmune Deficiencies. 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Cloud Computing Confidential Information to a Third Party

Question: Discuss about theCloud Computingfor Confidential Information to a Third Party. Answer: Introduction Engagement in cloud computing means that the company surrenders part of its confidential information to a third party and trusts that it will manage them without disclosing the information to unauthorized partner. However, this could be a challenge especially with the advent of security infringement. Therefore, before embracing any cloud service, it is upon the company seeking these services to first of all understand resource management requirements and the remote administration requirements that is expected from it. Again, drafting of the service level agreement is a key step in adopting cloud services. Therefore, the document should encompass all the expectations of the parties to the agreement. This document therefore outlines the remote administration and resource management requirements expected of the Child Protection Board and an insight into the SLA document for the provision of the cloud services. Requirements for Remote Administrations and Resource Management Remote administration is the platform that gives the users the ability to access the cloud resource. The requirements include a usage administration portal and a self-service portal. Several factors will influence the requirements for a remote administration. Child Protection Board should consider factors as follows. First, the system should have the type of delivery model that the board is leasing. Secondly, the access level in which the provider of the cloud service is willing of grant. Further, the cost of hiring the cloud service as well as its usage fee is critical. Checking its ability to track and manage the users of the service is also important. It should further check whether the system can configure and set up cloud services (Mel, 2011). The cloud service resource management system should be able to coordinate the various resources available. The requirements for a successful resource management should be its ability to enforce security features at all stages of the cloud lifecycle (Buyya, 2008). It should also monitor all the operational conditions for the system. SLA works to ensure a smooth interaction of the cloud service by the consumer (Kandukuri, 2009). The basic operations checklist provided by Morad Dalbhanjan, (2013) include the following. To the developer, they should be able to enable the customer to use the product services beforehand. The enterprise operation checklist includes ensuring that the enterprise identifies the key items of the product. They should put in mind every aspect of the product to manage the migration of the related services into the cloud system. Further, for the Auditing security checklist, the compliance teams should ensure that the customer can secure their data as well as be able to cover the regulatory body requirements. SLA Guidelines The components of an SLA include purpose, the parties to it, and validity of the document, the scope, the restrictions, penalties and the objectives. Further, it should contain the optional services to be provided and ultimately the exclusions. The word Service Provider alludes to firms that offer business, for example, interchanges also, or information administrations. Benefit suppliers may run systems, or they may join the administrations of different suppliers to give the support of their clients (Garg, 2013). The Service supplier could be a specialist, a transporter, an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or an Application Service Supplier (ASP). The word Customer alludes to firms or associations that utilize the administrations of media transmission supplied by a Service Provider. The customer could be a transporter, an ISP, a venture or an end customer. The SLA is a proper format verified in the way that administrations will be offered and also supplying structure for benefit charg es. Benefit suppliers misuse this base to improve their use of foundation to accomplish marked States of administrations. Benefit purchasers abuse the SLA to achieve the phase of nature of authority they require and to keep suitable business models for a long stretch (Alhamad, 2010). Application Resilience, Backup and Disaster Recovery The services have first to understand that the services may be interrupted at any point. This calls for practical solutions to ensure that every mistake is corrected. Every system, however, resilient it is prone to lags. Service priorities have to be set up so as to reduce the possibilities of lags (Alhamad, 2010). The available data should be used to set the priorities of the services. Application Resilience A 'completely versatile' administration will keep working without administrator interfering. Preferably when an occurrence happens, and a segment fails, there would be no interference with administration and clients. They would be unaware of what happened. Practically, this is not totally achievable in Edinburgh. The huge portions of the administrations have conditions on applications which have not been composed for full flexibility. Quite a bit of this is thus subject to inventors outside of our control. However, a circumstance where an administration loss of up to a couple of minutes happens amid an 'occasion,' in which some dynamic clients would lose their association, is a commonsense route in numerous cases (Youselff, 2008). Disaster Recovery Calamities are occasions that are liable to influence numerous segments of the system. From an IT point of view, the uncertainties worrying the most with are the finished loss of one of the machine rooms, JCMB or AT. Situations, for example, fires, surge, loss of force, loss of cooling, mechanical activity, wrongdoing scene, could all render a machine room inoperable. The concurrent loss of both machine rooms is considered adequately impossible that it is not sensible to get ready for (So, 2011). Relief for a few dangers has been placed in put for example standby generators, excess cooling hardware. In an uncertain circumstance, the desire is that there will be administration disturbance. However, that the most imperative administrations will be reestablished adequately rapidly that the Children Boards capacity to work together is not put at hazard (Pearson, 2010). References Alhamad, M., Dillon, T., Chang, E. (2010, April). Conceptual SLA framework for cloud computing. In 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (pp. 606-610). IEEE. Alhamad, M., Dillon, T., Chang, E. (2010, September). Sla-based trust model for cloud computing. In Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS), 2010 13th International Conference on (pp. 321-324). IEEE. Buyya, R., Yeo, C. S., Venugopal, S. (2008, September). Market-oriented cloud computing: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering it services as computing utilities. In High- Performance Computing and Communications, 2008. HPCC'08. 10th IEEE International Conference on (pp. 5-13). Ieee.Garg, S. K., Versteeg, S., Buyya, R. (2013). A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), 1012-1023. Kandukuri, B. R., Rakshit, A. (2009, September). Cloud security issues. InServices Computing, 2009. SCC'09. IEEE International Conference on (pp. 517-520). IEEE. Mattess, M., Vecchiola, C., Buyya, R. (2010, September). Managing peak loads by leasing cloud infrastructure services from a spot market. In High-Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC), 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on (pp. 180-188). Mell, P., Grance, T. (2011). The NIST definition of cloud computing. Pearson, S., Benameur, A. (2010, November). Privacy, security and trust issues arising from cloud computing. In Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on (pp. 693-702). IEEE. So, K. (2011). Cloud computing security issues and challenges. International Journal of Computer Networks, 3(5). Youseff, L., Butrico, M., Da Silva, D. (2008, November). Toward a unified ontology of cloud computing. In 2008 Grid Computing Environments Workshop (pp. 1-10). IEEE.

How Colorism Affected the Life of Bob Marley free essay sample

Applebee’s and his light-skinned African American supervisor. In the suit, Burch alleged that during his three months at the restaurant the manager repeatedly referred to him as â€Å"tar baby† and â€Å"black monkey†. Burch also alleged that the manager told him to bleach his skin and that he was fired when he threatened to report the man to Applebee’s head quarters. Burch was subsequently awarded $40,000 to settle the suit. Reported by Alex P. Kellogg, BET. com Staff Writer). In the case above, Burch experienced what several black scholars refer to as colorism. Colorism is discrimination within the black community based on skin tone (B. Maxwell). It is the belief that a person’s â€Å"goodness† is inversely related to the darkness (sometimes the lightness) of his/her skin. My family comes in all shades: My father dark coffee, my mother mocha, my brother milk cocoa and I’m simply cocoa. Because we lived overseas, my experience with co lorism is relatively limited. Yet I do recall family gatherings in the US where a few of my relatives would marvel over my brother and pay little attention to me. Until recently, I thought it was because he was the younger one. My mother was highly in-tune with color issues in black society. She made sure that my brother and I knew that we were equally handsome, talented and bright and that we should be there for each other. When I was about 8 years old, I remember walking into a restaurant with my mother and brother. A black waitress walked over to us and told my mother â€Å"wow, isn’t he a cute one†, pointing to my brother. My mother quickly snapped, â€Å"Don’t you mean, isn’t he a light one? † and walked us out of the restaurant, assuring us that we were equally cute. Colorism is neither new, nor exclusive to one part of the world. It affects almost every black person directly and indirectly. My paper looks at the ways Bob Marley’s mixed heritage subjected him to the positive and adverse effects of colorism in Jamaica and the United States. I will examine the ways in which the colorism Bob faced as a youth, affected his decisions to adopt the religion of Rastafari and raise his fist for black power. The roots of colorism can be traced back to the days of slavery where white slave masters would rape their African slaves who then bore children of â€Å"mixed† skin color. These children were typically disliked by the African slaves, and later the African Americans because their light-skin reflected the absence of some of the, so-called, â€Å"negative† traits of blackness that the oppressors had associated with evil and inferiority (K. Michelle Scott, 1). Many dark-skinned black people had absorbed and internalized these negative messages and thus light-skinned blacks were often thought to be smarter, prettier and superior to those of darker skin (K. Michelle Scott, 1). Public policy and societal tendencies, however, would make being light-skinned in Jamaica different from America. In the United States, the government was aware of the fact that miscegenation would soon bring into question the ethics of slavery. In order to avert this, they ruled that one-drop of black blood was enough to make a person â€Å"Black† in the eyes of society. This meant that light-skinned blacks were given no alternative but to identify as black. In Jamaica, however, such laws were not adopted by the government. White slaveholders typically recognized their biracial children and arranged for them to study in Europe (Stephens 167). Gradually, a â€Å"brown† level emerged between black and white. Successful Brown Jamaicans typically distanced themselves from their â€Å"inferior† black counterparts by living in exclusively brown areas. Though Bob grew up in Jamaica, he had little contact with his father and was reared by his mother in the predominantly black Trench town slum. Bob’s environment provided biracial children next to none of the social privileges that they could have in other parts of the country. And Bob was often ridiculed by his peers for not being black enough. The authors of Songs of Freedom write: â€Å"Considered a white boy, his complexion would often bring out the worst in people: after all, why was this boy from ‘country’ living down in the ghetto and not uptown with all the other light skin people† (Boot and Salewicz, 63)? It was this anti-mulatto sentiment Bob experienced growing up, that made him desperate to prove himself as a black man. Author, Scott Gurtman, believes that Bob’s experience with colorism defined his career as it made young Bob Marley strive to become a black icon. Once again I emphasize the fact that Bob Marley’s experiences with colorism are not isolated. Color prejudice has been affecting black men and women for decades. In addition, colorism has been the theme of several African American poets and screen writers. The following passage is taken from a poem by Maya Angelou. â€Å"Wouldn’t they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldn’t let me straighten? . . Because I was really white and because a cruel fairy stepmother , who was understandably jealous of my beauty, had turned me into a too-big negro girl, With nappy black hair, broad feet, And a space between her teeth that could hold a number two pencil. † -MAYA ANGELOU I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Countless Black girls in the United States share the fantasy of being White (Russel, Wilson and Hall, 41). How could they not, in a society whose ideal beauty is blond, with pale-skin and blue or green eyes – everything an average black girl lacks. Though several black men have felt the effects of their dark skin, dark-skinned females have suffered far more. A dark-skinned man can use intelligence to compensate for his â€Å"unfortunate coloring† if he becomes financially stable he will be able to marry a light-skinned female, thereby improving his social status and that of his children (Russel, Wilson and Hall, 42). A dark-skinned black woman, however, may feel that she has nothing to offer society no matter how intelligent she is. According to psychiatrists William Grier and Price Cobbs, authors of Black Rage, every American Black girl experiences some degree of shame about her appearance. Many try to achieve the â€Å"white† or â€Å"more presentable look† by devoting hours to painful hair combing rituals and as they grow older they start to use products designed to straighten kinky, unruly hair and to bleach dark skin. Some blacks even resort to surgery to alter their African features. For a few thousand dollars, an undesirable nose can be made arrower; a couple more thousand dollars can provide a chemical peel, permanently making the skin lighter. Bob Marley was also insecure about his look, yet instead of desiring a more European look he desperately wanted to appear â€Å"Blacker†. Rita Marley explains that he would often ask her to rub shoe polish into his hair to make it darker. In addition, Bob would lie in the sun for hours to darken his skin. For reasons contrary to those of the y oung black girls in America, Bob felt that his complexion and euro-features were not attractive. In 1962, Bob entered a relationship with a young girl from Trenchtown called Esther. His mother Cedella recalls, â€Å"†¦this little girl, living in the same yard. They were in love. Bob give me sign and I saw her pass Sledger (Marley’s cousin) a love note for him. † The relationship ended abruptly because Esther’s older brother was wary of Bob’s mixed heritage and light complexion. Cedella explains that â€Å"Her brother say to Bob, ‘We don’t want no white man in our breed. ’ Her family kill off the romance. Them style Bob as a white man. That made a difference in our yard. Several other light-skinned blacks share similar painful experiences. In an episode called Blackaphobia, VHI posed the question, â€Å"why is it that some of the most militant, most angry, most threatening blacks have also been the ones with the fairest skin? † Bob Marley, Malcolm X and Angela Davis were used as examples. Russell, Wilson and Hall tried to answer this question in their 1992 book, The Color Complex. They explain that by the time African – Americans become teenagers they have developed well-defined stereo types about skin color. Charles H. Parrish was one of the first people to explore the nature of racial stereotyping among black children. He found that in the 1940s, black junior-high students used as many as 145 words to describe skin color, including, â€Å"yaller†, â€Å"high yellow†, â€Å"fair†, â€Å"red-bone†, â€Å"light brown† â€Å"medium brown†, â€Å"dark brown†, â€Å"chocolate†, â€Å"dark†, â€Å"ink spot†, and tar baby†. Each term was associated with a particular stereotype. Light to medium skin tones were usually linked to intelligence and refinement, while dark skin tones suggested toughness, meanness and physical strength (Russell, Wilson, Hall, 66). Some light-skinned Black males try to compensate by exaggerating their masculinity and acting tough and streetwise (Russell, Wilson, Hall, 66). In an article in Essence magazine, entitled â€Å"Who is Black†, writer Itabari Njeri, describes the plight of his cousin Jeffrey, who looked liked singer Ricky Nelson, but wanted to be â€Å"The baddest nigger on the block†. Jeffrey ended up dying young on the streets as he tried to prove he was not the â€Å"enemy†. And, Michael Marriott, a reporter for the New York Times wrote an article recounting his experiences growing up as a light-skinned African American in the sixties. He explains that â€Å"black cool dictated [his] every rhythm†. Throughout high school Marriott sported a large Afro, bodacious swagger, and high-top Converse shoes. He also developed an obsession with black music, dance moves and an ability to cite Malcolm X flawlessly. He writes: â€Å"A light-skinned teenager could not afford to get caught slipping when it came to the required black behavior [and] if you did you were very likely to get stoned with the hardest rock in a black teenager’s rhetoric arsenal: Someone might call you a whiteboy†. In Jamaica, a teenage Bob Marley faced similar plight. His wife Rita Marley recalls that Kingston â€Å"toughs† would taunt Bob on account of his absent white father (Stephens, 169). â€Å"Having come through this white father caused such difficulties that he’d want to kill himself, she says. † She then explains that Bob was â€Å"lost in that: not being able to have anyone to say it’s not your fault, or that there’s nothing wrong in being like you are†. In an attempt to dodge the â€Å"tragic mulatto syndrome† Bob did everything in his power to â€Å"act black†. As a young adolescent he adopted the rebel, or â€Å"rude boy† attitude. And developed close relations with various neighborhood gunmen and Rude Boys (Davis 48). Bob was considered tough and often feared; his rough persona helped him establish himself as the â€Å"ultimate champion of the Rude Boys† when he and the Wailers released Rude Boy in 1965 (Davis 51). As Bob grew older, however, the â€Å"Rude boy† fad started to disappear and he once again started to get lost; confused about where he stood racially. He desperately needed a new ideology that would solidify his stance as a black man to himself and those around him. This ideology came in the form of the religion of Rastafari (Davis 72). Marley privately converted to Rastafarianism in 1966 (Davis 72). Here was a â€Å"black religion that held that Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was the black king whom Marcus Garvey had prophesied would deliver redemption for the black race† (Davis 62). By adopting Rastafarianism, Bob was telling himself, and the world, that he was a black African. He grew his hair into dreadlocks and incorporated Rastafarian teaching and ideals into his songs; eventually establishing himself as a black Rastafarian prophet in his own right. Though colorism helped motivate Bob Marley to become the Legend that he is today, it is definitely a highly destructive issue. Unfortunately, we are not at a point where black people freely address the issue. Bringing up colorism is frequently regarded asâ€Å"airing dirty laundry†. For those who believe that certain matters are better left unsaid, maybe I have. However, for those who have the legitimate belief that if Whites know about colorism in the black community they may take comlaints of white racism less seriously. Some whites may declare â€Å"If Blacks cant take care of their own problems with discrimination how can they expect us to do any better? † While, such reaction are possible. The only way to truly deal with colorism is by accepting that it exists and adressing it head on. Unfortnately, because colorism is multi-faced and deeply rooted in the nation’s history it is not subject to a â€Å"quick fix†. Yet if black parents were to teach their children about colorism and how to react to it, and Americans of all races were to work together to dispel racial stereotypes we could greatly minimize the damage of colorism on future generations. Works cited: Davis, Stephen. Bob Marley. Doubleday Company, Inc. : Garden City, New York, 1985. Stephen’s book is a biography that describes Bob’s life from childhood to adulthood. This book was especially useful because it drew parallels between Bob’s childhood experiences with colorism and his adult decisions. In addition, it allowed me to find examples from Bob’s life to justify my assertions, i. e. his rudeboy phase. I felt that because it covered so much material it lacked some justification and I felt that the author could have expanded on some of his theories. Gurtman, Scott. The Influence of Bob Marleys Absent, White Father. Retrieved, April 19 from: http://debate. vm. edu/dreadlibrary/gurtman02. htm This was another informative piece. Gurtman’s paper addresses the affect that Norval Marley’s desertion had on his son Bob Marley. The paper suggests that many of Bob’s decisions stemmed from the scar left by his father’s rejection. I contrasted Gurtman’s belief with my thesis, that the majority of Bob’s decisions were a result of the colorism he felt growing up. Maxwell, Bill. The Paper Bag Test. Times Staff Writer  © St. Petersburg Times, published August 31, 2003 Bill Maxwell is a reporter for the St. Petersburg Times and he reported the case of Dwight Burch vs. Applebee’s. I used this case to start my paper because I felt that it would captivate the readers, encouraging them to learn more about the history of colorism and ultimately how it affected Bob Marley. Colorism goes far beyond Bob Marley and it still very alive today using modern examples allowed me to show this in my paper. Russell, Kathy, Midge Wilson and Ronald Hall. The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color Among African Americans. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. 200 pp. This book was very important for my paper because it analyzed color-discrimination in the black community. Colorism is still very alive today and it has several manifestations. Colorism affects the relationships/friendships people chooses to their career choices and public persona. I wanted my paper to draw a connection between modern colorism and the colorism that Bob faced in his life. This book gave me many of the details I needed to learn about and later address modern day colorism. S